The battery cages of laying hens should ensure the heat preservation and airtightness of the chicken houses to achieve full automation of breeding.

1. Chicken Building

Use Prefabricated steel structures and the chicken houses should be flexibly designed according to the scale of breeding, and closed chicken houses should be built to better achieve insulation/heat preservation functions.

2. Automatic feeding system

Including storage towers, spiral feeders, feeders, levelers, feed troughs and cage cleaning equipment. The feed tower and central feed line should be equipped with a weighing system to meet the daily automatic feeding and feeding needs of the chicken house. The capacity of the feed tower should meet the feed intake of the chickens for 2 days, and the feed amount should be calculated according to the scale of breeding.

The feeder adopts a driving feeding system. There should be a feed trough on each layer of the cage, and the discharge ports on each layer can discharge the material simultaneously when the driving runs along the direction of the trough arrangement.

3. Automatic drinking water equipment

The automatic drinking water system includes drinking water pipes, drinking water nipples, dosing devices, pressure regulators, pressure reducing valves, backwash water line systems and intelligent control systems.
Dosing devices and filters should be installed at the water inlet of the chicken house to achieve drinking water filtration and automatic drinking water dosing. In the early stage of brooding and rearing, each layer should be equipped with height-adjustable drinking water pipelines near the cage top net and the feed trough. Each cage should be equipped with 2-3 nipple drinkers, and water cups should be installed under the nipple drinkers;

       
In the late rearing and egg-laying period, drinking water pipelines and “V”-shaped water troughs should be installed between the middle partition net and the top net to prevent drinking water from leaking onto the manure cleaning belt. Drinking water pipelines and other materials should be made of corrosion-resistant plastic materials. Water pressure regulators should be installed on each layer of water lines to ensure sufficient water supply at the front and rear ends of each layer of water lines.

4. Automatic egg collection equipment

Including egg collection belts, egg collection machines, central egg conveyor lines, egg storages and egg grading and packaging machines.

During the egg collection process, eggs from each layer should be automatically transferred to the head rack of the chicken cage, and then the eggs should be centrally transferred from the chicken house to the egg storage for subsequent packaging through the central egg collection line. During the packaging process, an egg grading and packaging machine should be used for automatic egg grading and traying. The efficiency of the egg grading and packaging machine should be configured according to the actual production situation of the farm. The egg belt should be made of high-toughness new polypropylene material of PP5 or above.

5. Automatic manure cleaning equipment

A conveyor-type manure cleaning system should be used, including longitudinal, transverse and oblique manure cleaning conveyor belts, power and control systems (Figure 5). Each layer of the cage bottom should be equipped with a conveyor belt for layered cleaning, which is transported to the tail end of the chicken house by the longitudinal conveyor belt. The feces on the conveyor belts at the bottom of each layer of the cage are scraped by the scraper at the tail end and fall into the bottom transverse conveyor belt, and then transported to the outside of the house by the transverse and oblique conveyor belts to ensure that “manure does not fall to the ground”. The manure cleaning frequency should be appropriately increased. It is recommended that the manure be cleaned daily. The manure conveyor belt should be made of new polypropylene material with anti-static, anti-aging and anti-deviation functions. To prevent the chickens from contacting the manure on the manure conveyor belt, a top net should be installed above each layer of cages.

Automated environmental control

Fully enclosed chicken houses should be used for three-dimensional breeding, and automatic control should be achieved through environmental control equipment such as chicken house fans, wet curtains, ventilation windows and guide plates.

1. High temperature climate environmental control mode

In summer, a ventilation and cooling mode with wet curtains for air intake and gable fans for air exhaust should be adopted. The high-temperature air from the outside is cooled by the wet curtains and then guided by the guide plates into the chicken house to ensure that the temperature in the house is within an appropriate range. It is recommended to use wet curtain graded control to prevent the temperature at the wet curtain end from dropping sharply after the wet curtain is opened.

2. Cold climate environmental control mode

The chicken house adopts a ventilation mode that relies on the side wall small window for air intake and the gable fan for exhaust. Minimum ventilation is performed according to the environmental parameters such as CO2 concentration and temperature inside the chicken house to ensure the air quality in the house (control CO2 concentration, dust, NH3 concentration) while reducing heat loss in the house, and ultimately meet the temperature control of the chicken house under cold climate conditions without heating. The opening angle of the wet curtain and the guide plate of the side wall small window air inlet should be adjusted according to the height of the chicken house cage and the height of the ceiling to ensure that the fresh air entering the house enters the top space of the chicken house to form a jet, so that the air inside and outside the house can achieve a better mixing effect, and avoid the fresh air entering the house directly blowing into the cage, causing cold and heat stress to the chickens.

3. Automated control equipment

Fully automated environmental control with intelligent environmental controller as the core should be realized. Environmental sensors such as temperature and humidity, wind speed, NH3, CO2, etc. should be arranged according to the size of the chicken house and the distribution of cages. According to the intelligent environmental controller, the environmental parameters in the house are analyzed, and the opening and closing of environmental control equipment such as small windows on the side walls, guide plates, fans and wet curtains are automatically controlled to realize intelligent control of the environment in the chicken house. The uniformity and stability of the chicken environment at different locations in the chicken house are regulated.

Digital control

Three-dimensional breeding of laying hens should have the characteristics of intelligence and informatization, realize digital control of chicken farms, and improve the efficiency of breeding management.

Internet of Things control platform

Chicken farms should build an Internet of Things control platform to realize the interconnection of data from different sources in the chicken house, and be able to provide real-time early warning of multi-unit and multi-chicken farm management, abnormal breeding phenomena, push environmental control plans, and summarize and analyze production data. The remote real-time display of chicken house environmental conditions, chicken house operation status, chicken health level and other data can assist managers in making intelligent decisions.

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